Electric heater.



C. O BASTIAN.

UTRIG H APPLICATION FILED FEB). 1010 EATER.

BLE

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

3 SHEETS -SHEET 2.

Witnesses C. O. BASTIAN.

ELECTRIC HEATER.

APPLICATION TILED FER-1.1910.

Patented J an. 9, 1912.

'3 SHEETS-SHEET 3,

Z O FL 0. v H,

Q Oitwc was CHARLES 0mm asr'mN, or LONDON, ENGLAND.

i ELECTRIC HEATER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 9, 1912.

Application nled February 4, 1910. Serial No. 542,059.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ORME BAS- TIAN, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain, residing at London, England, have invented certain newand useful Im rovements in Electric Heaters; and I do ereby declare thefollowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and use the same.

This invention relates to electric heaters, and has for its object theproduction of a heater which will consume less current, or will be moreefiicient for a given out-put of heat, and will be less expensive tomanufactiiiire than electric heaters heretofore proose p To these endsthe invention consists in the novel combinations of parts and details ofconstruction more fully hereinafter disclosed and particularly pointedout in the claims.

Referring to the accompanyin drawings forming a part of this s ecication, in which like numerals refer to ikeparts in all the views:Figure 1, is a longitudinal sectional view of a heater made inaccordance with this invention; Fig. 2, is a sectional and elevationalview of the parts shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3, is a diagram of the circuits;Fig. 4, is a detail view'of the heat deflecting late; 5, is a like viewof one of the eat resistance elements; Fig. 6, is an elevational view ofone of the porcelain insulating plates; 7, is a sectional view of thesame, and Fig. 8, is a pers ective view of one of the clamps for hol ingthe resistance elements. h

1 represents any suitable base supports; 2 suitable end platespreferably of cast metal carried by-the supports 1, and tied together asby the rods 3.. To each end plate is preferably secured, as by thescrews '4, an insulating head 5 conveniently made of porcelain andhaving the lugs 6. These terminal heads may be further provided withslots 7, into which fit lugs 11 on a heat deflecting late 8, preferablymade of aluminium, an on this plate may be secured the conductor'tube 9,preferably made of porcelain, as by the straps 10.

Theinsulating porcelain head plates 5 are rovided with a number ofcounterloore holes, into which fit fastenings 12 preferably providedwith nuts 13, which sulating paste 14, as shown. These fasten-- mgscrews secure to the porcelain heads may be conveniently surrounded withan inclamps 15 provided with resilient jaws 16,

between which fit the ends of the resistance elements, as will bereadily understood.

In order to more firml secure the clamps 15 to the porcelain hea s 5.they are r0- vided with projecting lugs '17 WhlCll fit intocorresponding recesses in the porcelain head, as best illustrated inFig. 7.

In order to protect the resistance element at its ends, and also toprovide a readily detachable electrical connection between the same andthe jaws 16, the ends of said element are provided with an asbestos orother heat insu ating sleeve 18, and around the same passes a metallicclamp 19 having jaws secured together by the screw 'or otherfastening20, as best illustrated in Figs."5 and 7. The element itself iscomposed of a quartz tube 21, in which is located a conductor 22 ofnickel or other suitable material and of sufiicient resistance to beraised up to or above a red heat when the ordinary current used'in theheater is turned on. This con-' ductor is preferably composed of aspirally wound wire, as illustrated, and the ends 23 of said wirepreferably pass out of the tube 21 and are secured to the screws 20, asillustrated in Fig. 5. It is evident that if the clamps 19 are snapped.in between the jaws 16, an electrical connection will be formed betweenthe wire 22 and the jaws-16, and at the same time the said clamps'19will be protected. from heat generated in the wire 22 by means of theasbestos sleevelS.

In the form of heater illustrated, it is preferred to employ six quartztubes 21, which together with their conductors and connections I willhereinafter designate as resistance elements, and it is preferred tomake the clamps 15 of German silver. When six of these elements areemployed the circuit through thesame is preferably arranged as indicatedin Fig. 3. That is to say, one of the head plates 5 is preferablyprovided with a projection 25, which fits into a hole in the casting 2,and which itself is provided with a' assage 26, as best illustrated inFig. 7. ne 0 the lead wires 27 passes through the hole 26, thencethrough the conductortube 9 over to the other plate 5 and to the point28 where the current divides, part passing by way of the wire29,

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which represents a resistancev element, thence to the point 30, whichrepresents the clamp holding said element, thence to the point 31, whichrepresents another clamp holding-another element, along the wire32,which represents the wire of another resistance element, to the points33, 34, along the wire 35, and to the point 36, which represents theextreme end of the third resistance element, which is fed by thisportion of the current. From the point 28 in Fig. 3, another portion ofthe current passes to the point 37, wire 38, point 39, point 40, wirell, point 42, point 43, wire 4A, point do, and finally joins the otherportion oi the current at the point 36, whence the wi e it; returns thecurrent to its source.

The porcelain projection 25 and the con. ductor tube 9 aii ord ampleprotection .iior This method of win Q ing is used where the heater is tobe operated l the conducting wires.

on a 110 volt circuit. ll however the heater is to be used on a 220 voltcircuit the con- I ductor tube 9 may be omitted, the .wire'27 leadsdirectly to the point 28, and the re sistance elements connected inseries for with the higher voltage suhicient current will pass to permitof this arrangement of parts. The lugs 6 on the porcelain heads project,say one-half of an inch, from the tacesoi the heads, and serve toprevent short circuiting of the elements, in the event of a piece ofmetal or other conductor dropping down on the terminal clam s 19, A wireor other screen 50 preteralo' in order to protect the same frommechanical injury.

From the fact that the tubes Qlare made of quartz, which is transparentto radiant heat rays, substantially all of the heat generated in thewires %2 is radiated out into the'room, and from the fact that quartz ispractically non-onidizable at a heat, it may normally be used at suchheat without material deterioration, lln addition to this, at a redheat, very little oxygen is left in the tube to oxidize the conductor,and l am consequently enabled to use for the resistance elementoxidizable metals which, or co rse, greatly lessens the cost. That is tosag, it is well lrnown that an electric heater it run at a temperatureabove or correspending" to a red heat is much more economical andellicient than it run at a temperature below red heat, It is also welllrnown that practically no metals outside of gold and platinum willstand temperatures corresponding to a'redheat in the atmosphere withoutoxidining to an injurious extent and that, therefore, at suchtemperatures electric heaters which have been heretofore proposed havenot been run. efiiciently except when they employed metals as expensivegold for their resistance the simple expedient, however, inclosi'ng basemetals y surrounds the elements.

Ltilhdt? in a quartz tubeand permitting the high temperature to expelthe air I am enabled to run said metals at a red heat and still have thesame protected from any injurious oxidizing action of the atmosphere,'and it therefore secure all or the advantages and the very highediciency which would accompany the use of latinum spirals.

It is evident t at those skilled in the art may vary the arrangement ofparts and the details of construction, without departing from-the spiritof my invention, and therefore it do not wish to be limited to suchfeatures except as may be required by the claims.

What it claim is i. In an electric heater, the combination of insulatinghead plates; clamping means pro vided with resilient jaws attached tosaid plates; a resistance element held by said clamping means andcomprising a quartz. tube; a conductor in said tube; heat insulatingmeans surroundin the ends of said tube; a clamp with which saidconductor is in electrical contact surrounding said insulating means,and suitable supports for said head plates, substantially as described,

2. In an electric heater, the combination of insulating head platesprovided with projecting lugs (i; clamping means rovided with resilientjaws attached to said plates between said lugs; a resistance elementheld by said clamping means and comprising a quartz tube; a conductor insaid tube; heat insulating means surrounding the ends of said tube; aclam with which said conduct/or is in electrical contact surroundingsaid insulating means; and suitable supports for said head plates,substantially as described.

3. in an electric heatenthe combination of suitable supports; castings 2carried by said supports; insulating head plates provided withprotecting lugs carried by said castings; clamps provided with resilientjaws secured to said head plates between said lugs; a heat deflectingplate extending hetween said head plates; and resistance elementsextending between said clamps, substantially as described.

i. In an electric heater, the combination of suitable supports; castings2 carried by said supports; rods "for holding said castings together;insulating head plates provided with protecting lugs carried by saidcastings; clamps provided with resilient jaws secured to said headplates hetween said lugs; in- I sulamd fastenings ror securingsaidclamps to said head plates; a heat defiectingplate extending list-weensaid "head plates; tuhe adapted to receive the conductin wir s can riedby heat deflecting plate; sistance elements erftcnding between saidclamps, substantially as descrihed.

5. ln an electric heater, he combination llllti llld of aninsulatinghead plate provided with nected with said last mentioned lamp, sub- 10means for securing it to a support and havstantially as described.

ing protecting lugs; a clamp having resili- In witness whereof I havehereunto set ent jaws attached to said head plate bemy hand this 25thday of January, 1910, in

;= tween said lugs; and a resistance element the presence of twowitnesses.

' comprising a clamp fitting said jaws; a heat CHARLES ORME BASTIAN.protecting sleeve 18 in said last mentioned VItIlGSSBSI clamp; a quartztube in said sleeve; and a F REDK. L. RAND,

coiled conductor in said tube electrically con- R. T. VVILLIAMs.

